Changes after revolt of 1857

 Question : Discuss the Changes after 1857 revolt .

Answer:

The revolt of 1857 was the first mass struggle of people against the British rule.The revolt was led by some of the brave leaders like Rani Laxmi Bhai, Nana Sahib , Hazrat Mahah , Kunwar Singh and others.They gave a tough struggle to the British.The British took almost a year to curb the revolt but it took them a huge revenue and lives of many soldiers.The changes caused by the revolt are given as under:


1. Administartion


1. Government of India act, 1858 transferred the power from EIC to


British crown.


2. Indian councils act, 1861 returned the legislative powers to


provinces of Madras and Bombay, etc. 


3. Bifurcating central and provincial finances by Lord Mayo in 1870.


4. Lord Ripon resolution in 1882. 


2. Public services


1. Satyendranath Tagore in 1861.


2. Exam age brought down. No transfer of effective power.


3. Princely states


1. Policy of annexation was abandoned.


2. Territorial integrity was guaranteed.


3. Subordination of princely states to British authority as Queen


adopted the title of Kaiseri-i-Hind in 1876.


4. Exercised the right to interfere in the internal matters of the states.


4. Policies


1. Divide and Rule to avoid united mass action.


2. Hostility to educated Indians.


3. Zamindars and landlords were used as counter-weights.

4. Reversal of policy of support to social reforms.


5. Social services ignored.


6. Half-hearted and inadequate labour legislations introduced.


7. Restriction on freedom of press wherever it is helping nationalist


upsurge.


8. Racial arrogance. 


5. Foreign policy


1. Keep other European powers at an Arms length.


2. Reach out to natural geographical frontiers for internal cohesion


and defence. 


British Army after 1857


1. The revolt of 1857 was instigated by the Indian army and it was the


main force throughout the revolt. In fact, the army had always been


volatile with the mutinies taking place at regular intervals since the time


of its inception. Thus, to stop the recurrence of mutinies and strengthen


its control over the Army, the British overhauled the British Indian


Army post revolt. 


2. Changes made


1. Proportion of Europeans to Indians was changed to 1:2 in Bengal


Army and 1:4 in Bombay and Madras Armies.


2. Strict European monopoly over important geographical locations,


higher positions, and strategic departments like artillery and


armed corps.


3. Indian soldiers were given inferior quality arms.


4. The army was reorganised on the basis of balance and


counterpoise. An ideology of martial and non-martial races was


propagated and preference was given to Gurkhas, Sikhs and


Pathans, who earlier assisted the revolution.


5. Caste and communal divisions were introduced in each regiment.


Regiments were mixed with soldiers of different socio-ethnic


groups to balance each other. Communal, caste, tribal and regional


consciousness was encouraged to check the growth of nationalist


feelings.


6. It was cut off from the rest of population by preventing the reach

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