Organisations before INC

 Question : Discuss the Organisations before INC ?

Answer:

Indian National Congress was founded by A O Hume, a retired civil servant.But the Indian National Congress was not the first organisation for redressal of grievances.Before the formation of INC there were many other organisations which are discussed in brief.


1. Prior to its formation, there were many political organisations.


However, they were dominated by the educated middle class — the


lawyers, journalists, doctors, teachers, etc., and they had a wider


perspective and a larger agenda.


2. Political organisations before INC


1. The British Indian Association demanded establishment of a


separate legislature of a popular character, separation of executive


from judicial functions etc.


2. The Indian Association of Calcutta was founded in 1876 by


Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose, in response to


the conservative and pro-landlord policies of the British


Indian Association. It aimed to promote the political, intellectual


and material advancement of the people. 

3. The East India Association was organised by Dadabhai Naoroji


in 1866 in London to discuss the questions of Indian interest and


influence public men in England to promote Indian welfare.


4. The Poona Sarvajanik Sabha was founded in 1867 by M G


Ranade and others, with the objective of serving as a bridge


between the government and the people.


5. The Bombay Presidency Association was started by Badruddin


Tyabji, Pherozshah Mehta and K.T. Telang in 1885.


6. The Madras Mahajan Sabha was founded in 1884 by M.


Viraraghavachari, B. Subramaniya Aiyer and P. Anandacharlu. 


3. These associations campaigned for Indianisation of civil services,


freedom of speech and expression, separation of judiciary from


executive, repeal of Arms Act among others. Since, they had less


success, a need was felt for a pan-India organisation to put more


pressure on the British Government. 


How British helped in growth of national movement


1. Economic exploitation: Men like Dadabhai Naoroji and RC Dutt say


that the poverty, economic backwardness and under-development of


India were direct consequences of British colonialism. The British


discouraged cottage industries of India and dumped the Indian market


with goods manufactured in England. 


2. Unification: By civil services, unified judiciary, codified laws


throughout the length and breadth of country imposed a new dimension


of political unity. Railways and telegraph brought masses very close to


each other and strengthened the feeling of nationalism.


3. Rise of middle class: Expanding English educated class formed the


middle class intelligentsia who constituted the nucleus of newly arising


political unrest. This new class though was minority played a vital role


in igniting the minds of majority.


4. Press: Unprecedented growth of Indian owned English and vernacular


newspapers, helped the spread of modern idea of self government,


democracy, civil rights and industrialization. 


5. India past: Scholars like Max Muller, Roth and RL Mitra aroused


nationals feelings and demolish colonial myths that Indian was inferior


race and bound to servility

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