SOCIAL SERVICE & DEV. MOVEMENT

 Question : Discuss the Organisations before INC ? Answer: Indian National Congress was founded by A O Hume, a retired civil servant.But the Indian National Congress was not the first organisation for redressal of grievances.Before the formation of INC there were many other organisations which are discussed in brief. 1. Prior to its formation, there were many political organisations. However, they were dominated by the educated middle class — the lawyers, journalists, doctors, teachers, etc., and they had a wider perspective and a larger agenda. 2. Political organisations before INC 1. The British Indian Association demanded establishment of a separate legislature of a popular character, separation of executive from judicial functions etc. 2. The Indian Association of Calcutta was founded in 1876 by Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose, in response to the conservative and pro-landlord policies of the British Indian Association. It aimed to promote the political, intellectual...

 Question ; Write a brief note on Moderates. Answer : Moderate leadersdominated the Indian National Congress during the early years of Freedom struggle.Their efforts were indispensible for freedom struggle in the later years.They brought the economic exploitation before the freedom fighters who used it to raise the issue during the later years. 1. Moderate leaders were those leaders who dominated INC during early phases (1885-1905) and believed in methods of Prayer, petition and protest (PPP). 2. Achievements 1. Economic critique of British imperialism 1. Early nationalists like RC Dutt, Dadabhai Naoroji, put forward the drain theory. 2. Moderates were able to create an all-India public opinion that British rule in India was the major cause of India's poverty and economic backwardness.  2. Constitutional reforms and propaganda in legislature 1. Expansion and reform of council. Their demands for constitutional reforms were conceded in 1892 in the form of the Indian Council Acts...

 Question : Discuss the Changes after 1857 revolt . Answer: The revolt of 1857 was the first mass struggle of people against the British rule.The revolt was led by some of the brave leaders like Rani Laxmi Bhai, Nana Sahib , Hazrat Mahah , Kunwar Singh and others.They gave a tough struggle to the British.The British took almost a year to curb the revolt but it took them a huge revenue and lives of many soldiers.The changes caused by the revolt are given as under: 1. Administartion 1. Government of India act, 1858 transferred the power from EIC to British crown. 2. Indian councils act, 1861 returned the legislative powers to provinces of Madras and Bombay, etc.  3. Bifurcating central and provincial finances by Lord Mayo in 1870. 4. Lord Ripon resolution in 1882.  2. Public services 1. Satyendranath Tagore in 1861. 2. Exam age brought down. No transfer of effective power. 3. Princely states 1. Policy of annexation was abandoned. 2. Territorial integrity was guaranteed. 3. ...

 QUESTION:  Why did the Indian Soldiers in the 1857 mutiny rush to Delhi. In 1857 the British saw a mighty war of Independence as called by VD Savarkar.The revolt led by the disconted leaders led the movement in a best way although it lacked planning and organisation.The revolt is a product of character and policies of colonial rule. 1. Mughals stood as a symbol of political unity of India. So sepoys rushed to Delhi to make Bahadur shah the head of the revolt to make it appear as revolutionary war rather than as mere sepoy mutiny. 2. Soldiers particularly had no leadership qualities to lead revolts. So they want to take experience of leaders to make it successful. 3. One of the biggest arsenal was inside the city walls of Delhi. Outside 3 miles of Delhi, 3000 barrels of gun powder was present. So it was important for soldiers to get hold off them. 4. Delhi had a secular legacy, so the Muslim soldiers were more comfortable. 5. Delhi is geographically located somewhat in the cen...

 Buddhism religion    For Civil Service Prelimnary examination. Sources of Buddhism :  Ceylonese chronicles :  Mahavamsa by Mahanama, Depavamsa and Attakatha by Wattagamani Chinese chronicles Tibetan Chronicles :  Divavandana-Kalachakra       The founder of Buddhism is Gautam Buddha( 563 BC - 483 BC ). He belonged to Sakya clan.His father's name was Siddodana and hus mother's name was Mayadevi.He was born in Lumbani on full moon day of visakha masa. TOWARDS RENUNCIATION : 4 SIGHTS 1.He saw a man suffering from old age. 2. He saw a man suffering from diseases. 3. He saw a dead body. 4. He saw a saint with face brimming with hapiness.    At the age of 33 he sat under a pipal tree at Uruvella on banks of river Niranjana. First sermon at Sarnath ( Dear park ) on Dharma Chakra Parivartan to five disciples including Mahakasyapa.Mahakasyapa was his first disciple. MAHAPARINIRVANA : at Kusinagar at the age of 80. Doctrines of Buddhism : Fou...

 The socio- religious reformers played an important role in shaping the modern India.The played an important role in exposing social evils and then struggled for their eradication.They lit the light of social reforms and enlightened the people with their vision.The important socio religious reform organisations included Brahmo samaj,  Arya Samaj , Prarthana samaj, etc.